# Network Topology Network Topology Network Topology is the physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections in a computer network. It describes how computers and networking devices are connected and how data flows between them. Network topology shows the structure or layout of a network. ## Types of Network Topology * [ ] Bus Topology * [ ] Ring Topology * [ ] Star Topology * [ ] Tree Topology * [ ] Mesh Topology * [ ] Hybrid Topology ## Bus Topology All devices connect to a single central cable (backbone), allowing data to travel along it; simple and cheap but fails if the backbone breaks.

## Ring Topology Devices form a closed loop, each linked to two others; data travels unidirectionally, often using tokens to avoid collisions.

## Star Topology Every device connects directly to a central hub or switch; easy to manage and isolate faults, common in modern LANs.

## Tree Topology Hierarchical structure like an upside-down tree, with a root node branching into stars; scalable for large networks.

## Mesh Topology Devices interconnect with multiple paths (full or partial); highly reliable with redundancy but expensive due to cabling.

## Hybrid Topology Combines two or more types (e.g., star-bus); flexible for complex needs but harder to configure.