> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://mun.gitbook.io/dbms/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://mun.gitbook.io/dbms/sql/database-statements.md).

# Database Statements

* SHOW \[DATABASES / SCHEMAS / CHARACTER SET / CHARSET / COLLATION]
* CREATE \[DATABASE / SCHEMA] {IF NOT EXISTS} {database\_name}
* USE {database\_name}
* DROP \[DATABASE / SCHEMA] {IF EXISTS} {database\_name}
* ALTER \[DATABASE / SCHEMA] {database\_name} \[CHARACTER SET / CHARSET \[=] utf8 COLLATE \[=] utf8\_unicode\_ci]
* SELECT \[version() / database()]
* BACKUP DATABASE `database_name` TO DISK = "filepath" \[WITH DIFFERENTIAL];

## Comment

```sql
# This comment continues to the end of the line
```

```sql
-- This comment continues to the end of the line
```

```sql
/* This is an in-line or multiple-line comment */
```

## Get the Version of Database

```sql
SELECT version();
```

## Create a New Database

```sql
CREATE DATABASE `database_name`;
```

```sql
CREATE SCHEMA `database_name`;
```

```sql
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `database_name`;
```

```sql
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `database_name`;
```

## List all Database Name

```sql
SHOW DATABASES;
```

## Get the Character Set and Collection

```sql
SHOW CHARACTER SET;
```

```sql
SHOW COLLATION;
```

## Create a New Database including Character Set and Collection

```sql
CREATE DATABASE `database_name` 
CHARACTER SET = utf8;
```

```sql
CREATE DATABASE `database_name` 
COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
CREATE DATABASE `database_name`
CHARACTER SET = utf8 
COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
CREATE DATABASE `database_name`
CHARACTER SET utf8 
COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `database_name`
CHARACTER SET = utf8 
COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci;
```

## Use a Database

```sql
USE `database_name`;
```

## Get the currently selected Database

```sql
SELECT database();
```

## Drop a Database

```sql
DROP DATABASE `database_name`;
```

```sql
DROP SCHEMA `database_name`;
```

```sql
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `database_name`;
```

## Alter Database

```sql
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` 
CHARACTER SET = utf8;
```

```sql
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` 
COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` 
CHARACTER SET = utf8 
COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` 
CHARACTER SET utf8 
COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
```

```sql
ALTER DATABASE `database_name` 
CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 
COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
```

## Backup Database

```sql
BACKUP DATABASE database_name 
TO DISK = "D:\backups\backup_database_name.bak";
```

```sql
BACKUP DATABASE database_name 
TO DISK = "D:\backups\backup_database_name.bak" 
WITH DIFFERENTIAL;
```

## Notes:

* SCHEMA is a synonym for DATABASE
* CHARSET is a synonym for CHARACTER SET
* Character Set: A character set is a set of symbols and encodings.
* Collation: A collation is a set of rules for comparing characters in a character set.
* Differential backup only the changes after the last backup.