1: Data Types, IO
ā§§.ā§§ āĻĄā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒ, āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻŦāĻ˛ (āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨, āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ, āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻļāĻ¨), āĻĢāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĢāĻžā§āĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻ, āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ (ā§§ā§§)
[1] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤ (Variable Declaration, Assignment Operator, Format Specifier) (Garbage Value Demonstration)
[2] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤ (Assignment on Declaration)
[3] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[4] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[5] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[6] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[7] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[8] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[9] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[10] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°/āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ/āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛/āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
[11] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°/āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ/āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛/āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨
[1] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
(Variable Declaration, Assignment Operator, Format Specifier) (Garbage Value Demonstration)
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int integer_var; // Declare an integer variable
integer_var = 50; // Assign the value 50 to the integer variable
printf("%d", integer_var); // Print the value of the integer variable
return 0;
}[2] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
(Assignment on Declaration)
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int integer_var = 50; // Initialize (Declare+Assignment) an integer variable
printf("%d", integer_var); // Print the value of the integer variable
return 0;
}[3] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int integer_var; // Declare an integer variable
scanf("%d", &integer_var); // Input the value for the integer variable
printf("%d", integer_var); // Print the value of the integer variable
return 0;
}[4] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
float float_var; // Declare a float variable
float_var = 3.14f; // Assign the value 3.14 to the float variable
// f or F is used as a suffix to float literal.
printf("%f\n", float_var); // Print the value of the float variable
return 0;
}[5] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
double double_var; // Declare a double variable
double_var = 2.71828; // Assign the value 2.71828 to the double variable
// no suffix is required for double literal.
printf("%lf\n", double_var); // Print the value of the double variable
return 0;
}[6] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ/āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char char_var; // Declare a character variable
char_var = 'A'; // Assign the value 'Z' to the character variable
printf("%c\n", char_var); // Print the value of the character variable
return 0;
}[7] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
float float_var;
scanf("%f", &float_var); // Input the value for the float variable
printf("%f\n", float_var);
return 0;
}[8] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
double double_var;
scanf("%lf", &double_var); // Input the value for the double variable
printf("%lf\n", double_var);
return 0;
}[9] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char char_var;
scanf("%c", &char_var); // Note the space before %c to ignore any whitespace
printf("%c\n", char_var);
return 0;
}[10] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°/āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ/āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛/āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a, b;
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
printf("%d %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}[11] āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°/āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ/āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛/āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĨ¤
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char a;
int b;
scanf(" %c %d", &a, &b);
printf("%c %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
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